连州龙潭过山瑶民族风情表演_语音导游词

连州龙潭过山瑶民族风情表演

    连州地处五岭南麓，湘、粤、桂三省(区)交界处，早在隋唐时期，就是选一区域内最大的瑶族聚居区。据《隋书》地理志载：当时的长沙、武陵、巴陵、零陵、桂阳、澧阳、衡山、熙平(即现连州)等郡都是莫瑶的主要居住地。唐朝元和十年(公元816年)唐代诗豪刘禹锡在连州为刺史时，就写下了《莫徭歌》、《蛮子歌》、《连州腊日观莫徭猎西山》等诗篇，对唐代连州瑶族的外貌服饰、生活、生产情景作了形象的描写。明清时期，为了加强对瑶族的管理，还专门设立了“化瑶局”，设“理瑶同知”职官专门处理瑶族事务。现在的连南瑶族自治县、湖南蓝山的紫良瑶族乡、江华瑶族向治县的马市一带，都在连州“化瑶局”的管辖范围之内。现在连州瑶安瑶族民族乡的“天光山”、三水两个瑶族民族乡的“挂榜山”就是这一带瑶民的活动中心。瑶安乡的天光山上还遗有清代朝廷免除瑶民税赋的“莫徭碑”，三水乡的挂榜山，就是悬挂瑶族圣典“过山榜文”的地方。

    连州因其所在的地理区域、生活环境、人文环境等诸多因素，曾经对瑶民族的生存发展起到了重要的作用。

    连州过山瑶是瑶族的一大支系，语言属汉藏语系苗瑶语瑶语支，其语言在全世界瑶族中分布较广，广东、广西、湖南、云南、泰国及美、法、加拿大等均有讲“勉”语的过山瑶人。在古代，由于统治者对瑶族的岐视与压迫，过山瑶人长期生活在大山之中。他们居无定所，过着“吃完一山过一山”的艰辛日子，因此称为过山瑶”。

    连州龙潭过山瑶民族风情表演，艺术地再现了过山瑶的生产、生活、祀神、娱乐等场景。

    这是高台小长鼓舞：高台小长鼓舞是瑶族最具特色的鼓舞。舞蹈真实而形象地表现瑶族搭屋建房的内容和过程，反映他们过着游耕、游猎、频繁迁徙的艰辛生活。

    高台小长鼓舞表演时，两个鼓手站在高高的八仙桌上对打。因为桌面上位置局限，每转换一个位置须侧身而过，贴身而舞，所以动作必须准确吻合，相互问必须默契，显示了舞蹈者高超的技艺。跳小长鼓舞是过山瑶在“还盘王愿”和喜庆节日跳的一种民间舞蹈，最具民族特色，被誉为瑶族艺术之花。

    这是木狮舞：木狮舞是古老的濒于失传的过山瑶族舞蹈。经龙潭过山瑶文化园挖掘整理，古老的木狮舞又重放异彩，现已成为广东省非物质文化遗产。

    木狮舞也称为布袋木狮舞，是过山瑶的一种道具造型舞蹈。用泡桐木雕成的木狮头造型独特，木狮身由宽大的黄布组成。舞木狮时起初由两个人同舞，人数慢慢增加，最多时可增加到8人。随着唢呐的节奏，木狮嘴巴发出“啯啯”的声音，活灵活现情趣盎然。木狮舞动作变化多端，每构成一个图形为之象(亦叫一景)，总共有72象(景)，即72套动作。通过这72套动作，反映过山瑶祖先漂洋过海战胜各种困难的艰辛历程和对生活的无限憧憬。

Ethnic Customs Performance of Guoshan Yao in Lianzhou Longtan Town

    Lianzhou is located in the south of Lingnan,bordering on the junction of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (autonomous regions). As early as the Sui and Tang Dynasty, it is the biggest Yao inhabited areas among this region. According to the record of geography, the then Changsha, Wuling, Baling, Lingling, Guiyang, Liyang, Hengshan, Xi Ping (the present-day Lianzhou) county were main residence of Mo Yao. In the year of 816AD, the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi in Lianzhou as governor, he wrote down several poems to describe appearance clothing, the production and the lifescene of Lianzhou Yao nationality.

    During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, in orderto strengthen the management of the Yao nationality, and also specifically set up Bureau of the Yao which provide official to deal with Yao affairs. Now,Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Lanshan ZiLiang Yao County and Jianghua Yao Autonomous County were over the jurisdiction of the Lianzhou Yao Bureau. The Guabang mountain of Lianzhou Yao Autonomous County is the Community centre of the Yao people lived in this neighborhood.

    With its geographical area, living environment, human environment and many other factors, Lianzhou has played an important role in the survival and development of Yao nationality.

    Lianzhou Guoshan Yao is a major branch of the Yao nationality. Its language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan  language branch of Miao-Yao language, which mainly spread over the world. Guoshan Yao people who lived in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Thailand and the United States,France, Canada and other places have speak Miao language. In ancient times, the ruler exerted discrimination and oppression of Yao nationality. The Yao people have no fixed place to live, living mountain pass over the mountain, so called Guoshan Yao.

    Ethnic Customs Performance of Guoshan Yao in Lianzhou Longtan Town vividly display the scene of production, living and entertainment of Guoshan Yao nationality.

    This is long drum dance, which is the most characteristic of drum dance. The dance vividly demonstrated the process and content of house building, reflecting that they lived a hardships life of cultivation,hunting and frequent migration.

    The long drum performances, with two drummer sstanding high in the square table to play drums. Because the limited location ofthe desktop, each converting a position to be sideways and dance closely. So the action must be consistent and accurate,showing the superb skills of dancers. With the unique characteristics, Long drum dance is a folk dance of Guoshan Yao, known as the flower of Yao nationality art.

    This is a wooden lion dance, which is a Guoshan Yao dance on the ancient brink of extinction. After the excavation of Longtan Guoshan Yao Cultural Park, the ancient wooden lion dance has became the intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong Province.

    Wooden lion dance, also known as the bagwooden lion dance, is a property in dance of Guoshan Yao. Unique with wood carvings into the lion's head shape, wood lion body composition by a large yellow cloth. Wooden lion initially danced by two people, later the number of dancer gradually increased, then up to eight people at last. With the rhythm of the suona, wooden lion would issue a unique sound.The movements of wooden lion dance are changeful, taking a total of 72 sets of action with each whom constitute a graphic object(also called a view). These 72 sets of action, reflecting the life that the Guoshan Yao ancestors across the ocean to overcome all difficulties and hardships at that time.