南岗千年瑶寨_语音导游词

 一、迎宾

各位朋友：

    大家好!欢迎来到中国历史文化名村——中国瑶族第一寨——南岗千年瑶察旅游观光。

    瑶旅阿妮和莎腰妹唱着热情洋溢的迎宾歌，亲手捧着自家酿出来的醇香可口的瑶家米酒，欢迎朋友们的到来。按照我们瑶家人规矩要喝了这碗瑶家米酒才能进入瑶寨，请大家喝下这碗寄托着瑶族同胞热情和祝福的美酒。我们瑶家人喝酒前要先倒一点洒在地上，以敬奉祖先，自己才能喝酒。噶了米酒后，为朋友们放三响礼炮， 这是瑶家人欢迎客人最隆重的礼节。[放礼炮：嘭…嘭……嘭]

二、引路（石门至水舂、瑶练屋、洪秀全传教屋)

    各位朋友，这就是南岗千年瑶寨的古寨门和古寨墙，寨墙高6米，宽1米，由巨大的石块筑成。解放前，不经允许，任何人都进不了山寨，解放后寨墙被毁坏了，这是后来才修复的。寨门和寨墙过去是用来防卫官兵和土匪的侵犯的。

    现在，请大家随我穿过寨门，走进这神奇的千年瑶寨。

    现在我们在路边看到的是水舂。古时，由于社会发展经济条件落后，没有电，没有碾米机，那么瑶族同胞怎样把收割回来的稻谷去壳将大米加工出来呢?深居在大山 深处的瑶族先民为战胜恶劣的生存环境，发挥聪明才智，利用杠杆的原理制作水舂，利用水舂把稻谷脱壳，再用筛子将大米和谷壳分离，筛出能食用的大米。

    看完了水舂后，我跟朋友们简单介绍一下连南瑶族的基本情况。连南排瑶亦称八排瑶，是全国三十多个瑶族分支中的一个，据史料记载，连南排瑶于隋唐时期为躲避战乱，从湖南洞庭湖以北经过九个州(郡)迁徙到连南，千百年来，由于历代封建王朝对瑶族采取种族清洗政策，瑶族人民被迫长期退居于高山峻岭之中，依山自保，与世隔绝，我们现在来到的南岗排就建造在海拔803米的高山上，在未通公路前，山寨地势险要，易守难攻。因此，连南瑶族人民长期过着刀耕火种、钻山游猎的原始生活，排瑶人民至今仍保持着古朴、原始的生产生活方式，形成了自己独特的民风民俗，蕴育了灿烂的瑶族文化。其中反映连南瑶族人民迂徙、生产、生 活的传统节庆活动“盘王节·耍歌堂”活动于2006年5月被列为首批国家非物质文化遗产。

    连南排瑶称“排”为大的瑶寨，大寨称“排”小寨称“冲”，连南排瑶主要有8个大寨，24小寨，这是依据他们的语言，服饰和生活习俗的差异划分的。今天大家来到的是“八排”中最大的瑶寨——南岗排，它是连南排瑶的首领排。这里有占典的民居建筑群落。原始的供水系统和原始的民主选举制“瑶老制”……可以说南岗 古寨，反映了连南瑶族甚至中国瑶族的悠久古老的历史和传统文化。据中央民族大学刘保元教授和中国瑶族研究学会会长张有隽教授等专家考证，南岗排是全国乃至全世界规模最大、最古老、最有特色的瑶寨，专家、学者誉之为中国瑶族第一寨。

    南岗排坐西向东，距离连南县城27公里，面积159亩，始建于宋代，到今已有1000多年的历史，在最鼎盛的明末清初时期有1000多户7000多人。解放后最鼎盛时期也有600多户2600多人，后来在政府的资助下逐步迁移到交通方便的山下居住。

    南岗瑶寨有一千多年的历史了，为什么南岗瑶寨经过了千年风雨洗礼，还较为完好的展现在世人面前，这个寨子又经历了多少沧桑的历史变迁呢?带着这些疑问，我们一起走进这个古老、神秘的瑶寨。

    三、神圣的瑶族“习惯法”

    各位朋友，南岗千年瑶寨在最鼎盛的明末清初时期，有1000多户7000多人。那么怎样管理山寨，维护瑶寨的社会秩序呢?

    在元代，南岗排就建市由“天长公、头目公、掌庙公、烧香公、放水公”和各姓老人组成的“瑶老制”组织。天长公是首领，头目公是副手，掌庙公负责看管盘王庙和组织宗教活动，烧香公负责逢年过节和每月初一、十五到盘王庙烧香祭祖，放水公负责管理南岗排牛活用水和农田灌溉用水的分配。瑶老制的成员，都要由全排群 众民主选举产生。可以这么说，现在的村委会的选举，就用当时“瑶老制”的选举。

清道光十二年，清王朝在排瑶地区设置了“瑶长瑶练”制严密管 理山寨。瑶练产生于清朝，他是协助瑶王办理寨内各项事务的人。南岗排为维护其社会秩序，制定了一套不成文的寨规，以约束和规范族内成员的行为，这些寨规长期存在于南岗排全体成员的意念中，被大家所承认遵守，相沿成俗，而瑶老们则依靠这些寨规审理案件，维护社会秩序。由于这些寨规具有法律的效用，故名为“习 惯法”。因为习惯法神圣而严厉，所以千百年来瑶寨治安十分好，做到路不拾遗，夜不闭户。

四、瑶家豆腐坊

    瑶家豆腐采用瑶族传统 工艺制作，制作豆腐的原材料选用本地产的优质有机黄豆，用水浸泡。然后用石磨把黄豆磨成浆，再将磨好的豆浆放入大锅煮滚，放少许石膏，用纱布过滤，倒入固定的木板格内，冷却，就成了豆腐。瑶家豆腐鲜嫩，营养丰富，是瑶族同胞逢年过节、亲嫁娶必不可少的一道美味佳肴。

五、洪秀全传教屋

    洪秀全是近代中国杰出的农民运动的领袖，他领导的太平天国革命是一次伟大的反帝反封建的农民革命运动，是近代中国民主革命的个重要里程碑。他在发动金田起义前，辗转数地，于清道光二十四年(公元1844年)三月十八日与冯云山经阳山白虎墟(今阳山黎埠)到南岗排，在此屋居住数日，宣传拜上帝教，发动瑶民反 清。根据有关史料和民间传说，屋内陈列了数幅图画和用具，叙述当年洪秀全和冯云山在南岗排开展传教活动的情景。

六、得金石

    各位朋友，我们现在看到的这块石头叫得金石，为什么叫得金石?相传在报久以前，南岗排有一个采药师，救了一个双目失明的老人，老人家为了答谢采药师，准备第 二天杀鹅请他吃。到了晚上，采药师突然听见两只鹅在说话，说屋后大石板下的水沟里，有四块金砖，这是我发现的宝物。采药师又惊又奇，原来他在采药期间吃了一种人间少有的水果，能够听懂动物的语言，他立即到屋后费了好大力气，把石头搬开，果然在下面找到了四块金砖，所以这块叫得金石，朋友们有兴趣的话可以周 围找一找，看看有没有当年剩下的金砖，谁找到归谁，不打税。

七、歌堂坪

    各位朋友，这块宽9米、长9米的坪，是千百年来排瑶民的公共活动中心，山寨的各种重大活动，都在这里举行。逢年过节，这里又是瑶民打铜锣、吹牛角、唱瑶歌、跳长鼓舞尽情欢乐的地方，所以，这里被称为“歌堂坪”。

    “耍 歌堂”是一种集体性的活动，每年在六月六节日里择定日子，通常是在农历十月十六日后进行，这时秋收七完毕，较空闲，“耍歌堂”一方面是宗教活动，另一方面 也是群众想庆祝丰收的节日。耍歌堂”是连南排瑶纪念祖先、追忆历史、庆祝丰收、酬谢还愿、传播知识和群众娱乐活动等为一体的最隆重、规模最大的传统民间盛 会。

    相传农历10月16日是盘古王婆的生日，义适逢秋收结束，为了纪念始祖、庆祝丰收、耍歌堂便选在这一天(如这一天不是黄道吉日，便提前或推迟数日)举行，人们趁此机会谈情说爱、赛歌赛舞、访亲会发。瑶族耍歌堂被列入围家级第一批非物质产名录。

    朋友们，现住我们看到的是瑶家的长鼓舞，长鼓是瑶族的象征，哪里有瑶族，哪里就有长鼓，鼓不离瑶。长鼓，瑶家人称为“汪都”，鼓身是掏空的沙桐树，呈喇叭状，两边蒙上牛皮或羊皮。舞者一手持竹片，敲打鼓面，一手五指并拢，以掌拍鼓发出声音。

    长鼓舞变化莫测的动作和声音，时刻向人们诉说着瑶家人的喜、怒、哀、乐。瑶族长鼓舞在排瑶祖先隋唐时期迁徙到连南时一同传入，属广场性的喜庆舞蹈，有36套 表演程序，可分单人舞、双人舞、群舞等，人数越多气氛越热烈。每逢春节、3月3、6月6、1 0月1 6等传统节日和耍歌堂，排瑶就聚集到村前的旷地或收割后的田野，吹牛角、敲铜锣、跳长鼓舞，欢庆节日。

    长鼓舞的舞蹈语言较为丰富，从各个方 面反映了排瑶的生产活动、生活习俗和宗教信仰。2008年被列入国家级第2批非物质文化遗产名录。我们的阿贵和莎腰妹曾经带着瑶族同胞的美好祝福，跳着长鼓，走北京，闯上海，到云南。下广州，受到社会各界人士的好评。今天阿贵和瑶妹跳起长鼓舞，对朋友们的到来表示诚挚的欢迎。

八、“龙组织”和古寨房屋

    这是千年瑶寨的龙头，所谓的“龙”，是指风水龙脉。占时候，瑶民将南岗排依山势纵划分为三条“龙”，在每条“龙”的地势中间竖起一块石头，作为“龙”头，南 岗排有唐、邓、盘、房四大姓氏，各姓氏就居住在“龙脉”上。你们看——东边的“龙”，居住着唐姓，中间的“龙”居住着邓姓，西边的“龙”届住着盘、房两姓，每条“龙”都有其首领，称之为“龙头”，即相当于族长，负责管理“龙”内部的事务。在连南排瑶中，“龙”的组织仅存在于南岗占排，其他瑶寨是没有的。

    南岗古寨建于海拔803米高的陡坡上，房屋依山傍坡，密密集集挤在一起。往往是前面房子的屋顶和后面房子的地面平高。其问有一条走廊过道。横街直巷，就地取材，以石块铺路，把各家各户串连起来，瑶寨各姓的房屋分布、排列分明，房屋坐落有序，密集而不凌乱，也充分体现了排瑶人民在市政规划方面的聪明和智慧。为 什么瑶家人世代居住在山上呢?就如我们前面所介绍，这是为了躲避长期以来封建统治者的民族迫害和民族歧视，况且瑶家人认为住得越高，风水越好。

    南岗排的房舍，普遍分住宅、谷仓、柴寮等三种类型。住宅大部分是吊脚楼和平房。一般以三间为一单元，住一户人家。

    南岗排的房子多数建于明清时期，以石灰拌沙砌青砖，屋顶盖瓦，四檐翘角：普遍高度一丈三尺到一丈六尺。瑶家住宅，一般以二十到三十平方米的面积为一间。在套三间或两间的单元里，安大门的中间房为厅，厅的正中墙上设有神龛，里面安放祖先神位。这个厅不住人，放犁耙、猎枪等农具。庄右两间为卧室、厨房。这两间房 都用砖或木板分别隔开，使一间成为两间，外间大里间小，外间堆放农具家私、里间住人。住人房最多10平方米，放一张床之后，就不再放其它东西。

    楼上一般不住人，堆放玉米、花生、南瓜等农副产品。厨房颇具特色，里间是住房，外墙下设一火炉塘，约l.5平方米，深挖20公分，中间放一个“三脚猫”(三只脚顶着一个圆铁圈)，可放锅头、云鼎做饭煮菜。火炉塘侧边放水缸、桌子、案板，非常拥挤。

    瑶家建这样的矮、窄、小窗的吊脚楼，一是适应高寒气候，冬天保暖、夏天防蚊：二是瑶家实行儿子大了要分家的习俗，人口不多，小家庭小天地，建筑房舍形成规律，形成格局一。

    瑶寨住宅有一项附属设施，是颇具特色的水笕。因瑶家住在高山上，全寨人的食用水必须从山寨后更高的山泉引来。因此，每个山寨都有长达10多里的引水工程，用 水槽或毛竹破开衔接，一节接一节，把山泉水引到山寨，再用竹笕把水分别引进各家各户。竹水笕宛如蛛网，纵横交错地凌空高挂，是瑶家的自来水管，也成了瑶寨一大奇观。

九、瑶家酒坊

    瑶家米酒，香醇可口，酒度较低。瑶家米酒采用传统工艺酿造，选料用瑶家高山有机大米，漂洗干净，然后蒸熟成米饭，拌酒曲，发酵七天左右，经土法蒸馏酿出米酒。瑶家传统工艺酿酒方法还可酿造糯水酒、玉米酒等，不添加酒精及任何佐料，喝了不上头。

十、南岗古庙

    各位朋友，现在我们向上走的是通往南岗古庙的石板路，古庙就建在整个山寨的“龙头”位置之上，而刚才我们从中门到歌堂坪，至古庙，这一条是全寨的龙脉走向。古庙之所以建在龙头之上是保佑全寨瑶民平平安安。原来的古庙因“文革”、四清时毁坏了，现在我们所看到的古庙是在原来基础上，按以前的建筑风格修复的。排瑶的庙供奉的是盘古王和盘古王婆。

    传说盘古王是瑶家的始祖，开天辟地造人丁造五谷，造瑶歌瑶经。盘古王的生日为农历七月初七，为了纪念盘古王，瑶家这一天唱《盘王歌》赞颂盘古王的恩德，因此，这天又叫“开唱节”。从这天开始，唱到来年的三月三，三也三后一般就不唱歌了。大家看，盘古王五手中拿来的象征田地的乾坤镜，表示乾坤在手。盘古王婆手中拿的是一个银盒，它所表示的是——招财进宝，一是为妇女接生孩子，即多子多福的意思。相传盘占王和盘古王婆是一对普度众生、恩德泽被世人的天神，在他们面前烧香许愿，将让你心想事成，过去来这里的游客朋友都说很灵验，大家不妨试一试。

十一、瑶族礼法取名

   瑶族通过宗教礼法取名，举行取名仪式：请先生公燃香上祖宗神位，念瑶经，然后面朝神位，摔“诰”(一种用羊角或牛角做成的占卜神器)取名。排瑶的名字一般是由姓、房系、名、性别(男称“贵”，女称“妹”)联成。如南岗排的“唐火生十贵”，“唐”是姓，“火生”是房系，“十”是房系子孙排行第十或是摔了十次 “诰”才出现的数字，“贵”是性别，未婚男性。有了正式的名字，由先生公注册入族谱。随着年龄长大成人，名字会变换几次，如结婚生子后男的去掉“贵”字改 称“bia”，女的去掉“妹”字改称“尔(音妮)”；有子孙后男的改称“公”，女的改称“婆”；在“耍歌堂”时每个人都要捡法名，如“法福”，“法财”， “法旺”等。

十二、石棺墓

    石棺墓葬，是南岗特有的葬礼。石棺墓是权利的象征，只有瑶王才能享用石棺墓安葬在南岗现存的石棺墓群中，发现有2座刻有碑文和楚人文化色彩图腾、以及墓主度戒后安的法名的明代石棺墓，说明至少在明代南岗排已有石棺墓葬，道教也许就是那时传入连南排瑶地区的。摆在此处的是末代瑶土备用的石棺和附件。新中同成立后，瑶王思想进步，自愿放弃石棺安葬，因此石棺在山寨保存下来。因“文化大革命”期间此石棺被红 卫兵砸毁，我们现在看到的只有部分残件。

十三、瑶王屋

    各位朋友，这座房子是瑶王屋!瑶王是南岗排的最高首领，瑶王掌管山寨各项事务，处理各种纠纷，维护社会秩序，负责对外事务等，遇有战争，则是排内最高的军事首领。

    南岗排最后一代瑶王是邓买尾八公。新中国成立后，邓买尾八公作为瑶族上层人物，被连南县人民政府任命为县参事室参事。不久，被选为人民法院副院长，并被推选为广东省少数民族参观团副团长，于1950年10月赴北京等地参观，受到毛泽东主席等党和国家领导人的接见。

十四、瑶族战鼓、鸣金锣

    古时的瑶寨，哨兵如发现官兵入寨，就吹响牛角通知全寨人做好作战准备，寨子里的青壮男听到号角后拿着弓弩、大刀、长矛、火统等聚集到瑶王屋，听候瑶寨最高军事长官瑶王的调遣和指挥。瑶王令旗一挥，擂响战鼓，“嘭、嘭、嘭” …瑶族勇上们一鼓作气，冲锋陷阵，杀敌保家护寨；大胜，瑶王敲响鸣金锣鸣金收兵，杀猪宰羊，犒劳全寨勇士、子民，欢庆胜利。

十五、瑶家打铁铺

    千百年来，瑶族同胞居住在深山老林中过着刀耕火种的生活，需要铁器工具开恳荒地，耕作农活。于是瑶胞打铁铺应运而生，打铁铺以上等木炭作燃料，熔铁炉配上风箱高温软铁、熔铁，用大小铁锤细心锻造。早期的打铁工具非常简单：打铁炉、风箱、铁砧、大大小小的铁锤和铁钳。打铁的主要工序有：拣料、烧料、锻打、定 型、抛钢、淬火、回火、泽油。

    1、拣料：挑拣好铁料可以节省作为烧料的煤炭和锻打时间。主要靠打铁师傅的经验，通过目测与手掂来挑选合适的铁料。

    2、烧料：挑好铁料后，喂入炉灶里，立刻来回拉动风箱手柄鼓风烧旺炉火(现在大多使用鼓风机替代，节省人力)。铁匠手握长柄铁钳夹住铁料翻动，使铁料充分受热，软化。

    3、锻打；将加温到一定程度的铁料夹到铁墩上，举锤敲打。若打制的是小件器具，铁匠一人就可拿着小锤反复敲打定型。若是大件器具，须得两三人抡大锤轮流敲打。

    4、定型：锻打后的铁料逐渐失去火红的颜色和足够的温度，铁匠再次将它喂入火塘里，再次烧料。定型是个反复的动作，直到初具成品模样。

    5、 抛钢：铁匠手下的器具，只要是刀具之类的都要抛钢。而钢料下在刀具上的多寡与均匀度，往往成为顾客评定该刀具好坏的标准。抛钢青两种方法，一曰明钢，一曰暗钢。所谓明钢，是在刀具的关键部位，刀刃上用铜全部包裹了铁料：所谓暗钢，是在刀刃的部位将钢与铁混杂敲打在一起。

    6、淬火：打制铁器过 程中，定型和抛钢两道工序都夹杂着淬火这一工序。淬火时，常用的冷却介质有盐水、清水和油三种。而最多被采用的是普通的凉水。锻好的铁件放入水内，“哧 啦”一声，热气腾起，即可将之取出来。淬火时，须保持铁器的足够温度。有些经验丰富的铁匠会在普通水里淬水之后，加温再度放盐水里淬火，以增加光泽度。

    7、回火：锻什淬火后硬度变高了，但脆性大了，容易变形，甚至出现细小的裂纹。可将之重新放回火炉加温来调整硬度。

    8、泽油：所谓泽油，就是在铁器回火后趁高温尚存，迅速夹块猪肉(或直接用植物油，甚至猪皮也可以)，将猪肉猪皮贴到器具上反复摩擦，铁器的高温使猪肉渗出猪油涂抹在器具上，这既有助于提商光泽，义能使得器具长时间不生锈。

十六、瑶家茶坊

    瑶族同胞也有喝茶的习惯，因此每逢节庆早上都有上茶敬奉祖先的习惯。清明节前后，瑶族阿妮和莎腰妹背上背篓结伴去山上采茶，边采茶边唱采荼歌，直采到太阳下山才挑上担一担的嫩荼回家。回家后把茶叶撒放在筛子置于阴凉的地方一天，然后架起铁锅用手炒茶，炒至一定程度便倒到筛子。冷却后，再炒。重复两三次就行 了。

十七、民俗表演

    各位朋友，现在我们来到的参观点是瑶族民俗表演场，是游览南岗千年瑶寨的内容之一，观看表演是免费的，请大家进入表演场哉好位置坐好，瑶家阿贵和莎腰妹将为人家奉上原生态、精彩、神秘的瑶族婚礼表演。

十八、告别词

    各位朋友，中国历史文化名村——南岗千年瑶寨以热情古朴的怀抱欢迎和接纳大家，也为大家展示了灿烂的排瑶文化，在这里我代表连南瑶族人民感谢大家的光临，希望这次南岗之旅为各位留下美好的回忆，祝各位朋友家庭幸福!工作顺利!万事如意!一路顺风!再见!

Nangang Yao Minority Town

    Ladies and gentlemen:

    Welcome to Nangang Yao Minority Town whichis the historical and Cultural Village in China.

    The Yao people sing a warm welcome song with the delicious precious wine holding on hand to welcome your arrival. According to the custom of Yao family, you need to drink a bowl of rice wine prior to entering the Yao village, so please drink this bowl of wine is entrusted with the passion and blessing of Yao compatriots. You need to pour a bit of wine on the ground to worship ancestors before drinking it. After drinking the wine, they will fire asalute of three guns which is the most solemn ceremony to welcome visitors of Yao family.

    Dear friends, this is the gate and wall ofthe ancient village in Nangang Yao Minority Town. The village walls with 6 meters high and 1 meter wide, is constructed by a huge stone. Before the liberation, no one can enter the cottage without permission. However, it was destroyed after the liberation and was renovate later. The gate and wall of this ancient village are used to defend soldiers and bandits in the past.

    Now, please follow me walk into the magical Nangang Yao Minority Town .

    We now see water Chung in the roadside. In ancient times, due to the economic and social development conditions of backwardness, Yao compatriots collect the harvest rice and have shelled rice processing without electricity and rice milling machine. Yao ancestors who lived in the mountains in order to overcome the harsh living environment,taking advantage of the principle of leverage to have rice husking, then screenout edible rice between the rice and chaff.

    Now I would like to give you a brief introduction of Liannan. Liannan Pai Yao, also known as Ba Pai Yao, is one of more than 30 branches of Yao nationality in China. According to historical records, Pai Yao migrated from Hunan to Liannan to escape the war in the Sui and Tang dynasty. Since the inexorable policy for Yao nationality during the feudal dynasties, Yao people were forced into lived in the mountains. We now come to Nangang Pai on the mountain with an altitude of 803 meters high.Liannan Yao people still maintained a simple, primitive way of production and life, formimg a unique folk customs and culture, thus have took shape the splendid culture of the Yao nationality. Particularly Pan Wang Festival, a traditional festivals in Liannan, was listed as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in May 2006.

    Liannan Yao Pai mainly has 8 big villages and 24 small villages, which is divided in accordance with the differences of their language, dress and customs. Today we come to the largest village Nangang Pai, it is the leader of Liannan Pai Yao. There are classical residential building communities, the original water supply system and the original democratic election system. It can be said that the Nangang ancient village reflects a long history and tradition of ancient cultures of Yao nationality in China. According to expert research, Nangang Pai, known as the is the most largest, oldest and distinctive Yao village in the whole nation and even in the whole world.

    Nangang Pai, covering an area of 159 acres,is 27 kilometers away from Liannan County. With a history of 1000 years, it was built in the Song Dynasty. More than 7000 people living here in the heyday of the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, while more than 2600 people hometo here after the liberation period. Later gradually migrated to the easily accessible mountain with the funding from the government.
Nangang Yao village experienced the history of thousands of years, still relatively well-preserved. Now let us go to enter this ancient and mysterious Yao village to explore the historical changes it has undergone.

    Dear friends, so much people living in Nangang Yao Minority Town during the heyday of the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. So do you wonder that how Yao people manage the village and maintain social order?

    In the Yuan Dynasty, democratic election system Nangang Pai established a Yaolao system to manage the village. That is to say, Tianchang Gong is general leader and Toumu Gong as assistant; Zhangmiao Gong takes charge of looking after Pan Wang temple and organizes religious activities; Shaoxiang Gong is responsible for worship ancestors during holiday and festival on the first day and every fifteen of every month. Fangshui Gong is responsible for water allocation for domestic and farmland irrigation of Nangang Pai. The members of Yaolao system of Yao nationality, all of which are generated by the democratic election of the whole people. It can be said that now the election of the village committee is adopted with the election of the Yaolao system.

    Now we come to Tofu workshop of Yao family.Yao’s tofu, using the traditional production process, was adopted with the high-quality soybeans that was locally produced. Soaked in water and then ground into a paste with a stone mill, then milled into a large pot boil it.What’s more, you should be put a little plaster with gauze filtration then poured it into fixed wooden frame, thus turn into tofu after cooling. Yao tofu tend to tender, nutritious and fresh, is an indispensable delicacies for festivals and wedding for Yao compatriots.

    Here we come to the teaching room of missionary Hong Xiuquan. Hong Xiuquan was an outstanding peasant movement leader in modern China. He led a great peasant revolutionary movement for anti imperialist and anti feudal, named the revolution of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which was an important milestone for democratic revolution in modern China.Before the launch of the Jintian uprising, Hong xiuquan came to Nangang Pai and has lived in this house for a few days, disseminating the thought of publicity of God worship and then launched the Yao people to against the Qing Dynasty.According to the relevant historical data and folk legend, a number of pictures and appliances displayed in this room reflecting the scene that Hong Xiuquan and Feng Yunshan carried out missionary activity in Nangang during that time.

    Dear friends, the stone we see now is called Dejin stone. According to legend, there was a pharmacist in Nangang Pailong time ago. It is said that he saved a blind old man, and the old man treat a goose for him in order to thank his help. In the evening, the pharmacist suddenly heard two geese were talking and asserted that there’re four bricks inthe ditch behind the stone plate. The pharmacist was surprised that he could hear what they’re talking about, originally he ate a rare fruit during picking up herbs. Thus he immediately take a great effort to move away the stone behind the house, indeed he found four gold bricks as expected.

    Dear friends, this flat with 9 meters wideand 9 meters long, has been served as public activity center of Yao people for thousands of years. Various major events are held here during the holidays and festivals, such as drums beating, blowing horns, singing Yao songs and long-drum dancing. So here is known as Ge Tang Ping.

    Shua Ge Tang is a collective activity which is held on every 16^th October in Chinese lunar calendar. It is areligious activities and is also a festival that people celebrate the bumper harvest. Besides, Shua Ge Tang is one of the most solemn and largest traditional folk events in which Pai Yao people commemorate their ancestors,recall the history and celebrate the harvest, together with having dissemination of knowledge and entertainment activities.

    The Yao People who live in northern Guangdong mountainous region perform Long Drum Dance in festivals. In formal festive dress, with a red ribbon around the waist and white cloth wrapping legs, the dancers hang the more than 1 meter long drum. They sometimes jump into the air and make a sharp turn, sometimes pounce on like tigers. The whole set of dance is powerful and rough which shows the bravery and strength of the Yao People.

    The long wood drum is called Wang Du in Yao dialect. The drum is about 4 feet long, wide in both heads and narrow in the middle, like a trumpet. The drum body is made by Shatong tree, with calf skinor sheep skin as the drum heads. The dancers hang it around the waist, fingers of right hand holding together, beat the drum and make sounds like"Dong", while the left hand, holding a bamboo sheet, make sounds like"bee". Dancers, in the other hand, by changing the tap between whiles,convey different contents and emotions and achieve its artistic results. The long drum dance has different types, for example, solo, dual and group, very rich in contents.

    The dance language of Long Drum Dance is more abundant, reflecting the production activities of Pai Yao, customs and religious beliefs from various aspects. In 2008, it was included in the second batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage and was praised by the community. Today Yao people have long-drum dance to express a sincere welcome for your visit.

    This is the main area of Nangang Yao Minority Town, the so-called dragon which refers to Longmai. In ancient times,the Yao people separated Nangang Pai into three dragons in accordance with longitudinal of the mountain, in each of the dragon erect a stone in the middle.Nangang Pai mainly lived people with four surnames, including Tang, Deng, Pan and Fang. One of the dragons in the east, lived people with surname of Tang;with surname of Deng in the middle; while lived with the surname of Pan and Fang in the west. Each dragon has its chief, who is responsible for the management of the internal affairs. The organization of dragon only existed in Nangang ancient village in Liannan Pai Yao.

    Nangang ancient village was densely builton the steep with an altitude of 803 meters above sea level. Usually the roofof the house in the front is as high as the house to the ground on the back. Eachof them there is a corridor aisle. Side streets with stone paving, linking up the individual households and housing arrangement with clear surname, fully reflects the intelligence and wisdom of Yao people. Yao's family lived in the mountains from generation to generation to escape from the ethnic persecution and discrimination of feudal rulers.

    The houses of Nangang Pai generally dividedas three kinds of residence, barn and fuel-house. Most of the residences are Diao Jiao Lou buildings and bungalows, which each unit is composed of three rooms for a family.

    The majority of houses of Nangang Pai were built in Ming and Qing Dynasty, with blue brick mixed with sand lime, roof tiling and four eave angles. Yao house, is generally a twenty to thirty square meters of one unit. Each suite consists of three or two units, in the middle there is a hall with a shrine placed the ancestral tablets. The hall is unoccupied, only used to place plough, shotguns and other tools. On its both sides are bedroom and kitchen which are separated by brick or wood respectively.

    Upstairs generally stacking corn, peanuts,pumpkins and other agricultural products. Inside the distinctive kitchen there is a exterior house with a stove under the wall which is about l.5m² and 20 cm deep.In the middle there’re a table putting a pot and cooking tripod. Beside the stove is very crowded placing with water tanks, tables and chopping board.

    Diao jiao lou building of Yao nationality with short, narrow and small window adapted to the cold climate, warm in winter and to protect against mosquito.  

    The distinctive water spout is an ancillary residential facilities in Yao village. Because of Yao nationality live in the mountains, the cooking water must be from the higher spring. Therefore, each cottage has water diversion project with more than 10 meters long, connecting with a sink or breaking bamboo. Water bamboo running like a cobweb to volley hanging is arranged in a crisscross pattern, thus Yao water pipe also became agreat spectacle scene in Yao village.

    Now we come to distillery of Yao family.Yao wine is aromatic and delicious with low alcohol content. Yao rice wine is made from mountain organic rice, using the traditional brewing process, generally must be rinsed clean then steamed rice, mixed with distiller's yeast and with afer mentation about seven days. Traditional wine making methods of Yao family can also be brewing glutinous rice wine, corn wine without alcohol and any seasoning.
Now we’re walking the stone path leading to the Nangang temple. Nangang temple was built on top of the fortress of the leading position. The temple was built in the leading above is bless villager in peace. The original temple was destroyed during the period of the Cultural Revolution, and the temple we see now is renovated in accordance with the architectural style of the previous. Nangang temple is used to worship the Pangu Wang and his wife.

    It is said that the Pangu king is the ancestor of Yao nationality. Pangu King's birthday is on the seventh July on Chinese lunar calendar. To commemorate the Pangu king, Yao people would “song of Pangu king” in this day to praise the kindness of him, so this day is also called Concert Festival. You see, a universe mirror holding on the hand of Pangu king symbolizes field and land. While his wife held a silver box, which is believed that is able to bring fortune and prosperity. According to legend,Pangu Wang and his wife are a pair of gods. Burn incense and make a wish in front of them will let you all wishes come true and visitors came here in the past claimed that it is very efficacious. So let’s have a try.

    The Yao people named according to religious etiquette. They will hold a naming ceremony, then their names was made with horns or horn of divination artifact. Pai Yao's name is generally composed of the surname, the housing department, name and gender. After having a formal name, their name will be registered into genealogy.

    The funeral of sarcophagus tomb is peculiar to Nangang Yao village. The sarcophagus tomb is a symbol of power, only theking of Yao can enjoy sarcophagus tomb burial. Among the existing stone coffin tombs in Nangang, there are two totems which are engraved with inscriptions and Chu culture, together with a sarcophagus tomb in Ming Dynasty. They’re the evidences to proved that there’re stone cliff tomb of Nangang in Ming dynasty and perhaps the Taoism has spread into Liannan area at that time. Here placed the spare sarcophagus and accessories for the last king of Yao. After the founding of new China, the king of Yao voluntarily give up the idea of taking sarcophagus buried, so the sarcophagus were preserved in the village. During the Cultural Revolution period, sarcophagus here were smashed by the red guards. What we see now only parts of remnants.

    Dear friends, this is the residence of the king of Yao. King of Yao is the chief of the Nangang Pai, who is in charge of the affairs of the village, including dealing with a variety of disputes,maintaining social order and is responsible for foreign affairs. Besides, he is also the top military leaders in Pai Yao when in case of war.

    Deng Mai Wei Ba Gong is the last generation of the king of Yao. After the founding of new China, Deng Mai Wei Ba Gong as the upper figure of Yao nationality, was appointed as the county counselor by People's government of Liannan County. Shortly was elected as vice president of the people'scourt and was elected as the deputy head of mission of Guangdong national minorities. In October 1950, he was received by Chairman Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders when he visit in Beijing.

    At ancient Yao village, if sentry found soldier senter into the village, they would sounded horns to inform all the people of village ready for battle. Then the young man would gather in front of the house holding with crossbows, machetes, spears, fire systems and so on. Waiting the dispatch and command of king of Yao who is highest military of ficer in Yao village. 

    Now we come to blacksmith shop of Yao family. For thousands of years, Yao compatriots need iron tools for reclamation and tillage farming as they living in mountains and forests. So blacksmith shop came into being. The blacksmith shop used charcoal for fuel, furnace with high temperature bellows soft iron, molten iron, with the size of the hammer carefully forging. Early blacksmith tool is very simple, consisting of furnace,bellows, anvil, hammer and pincers in large and small sizes. The main processes of blacksmith are, picking iron material, sintering, forging, molding, caststeel, quenching, tempering and oiling.

    Here we are in Tea House of Yao family. Yao compatriots also have the habit of drinking tea, every morning on festivals they would worship ancestor with tea. Before and after the Qing Ming Festival, Yao women pick tea with backpack on the mountains until the sun goes down. After returning home, they would place tea in sieve placed in a cool place for one day, and then build a wok to fried tea for two or three times.

    Now we come to visit the is folk performances Arena of Yao nationality, which is one of the attractions of the Nangang Yao Minority Town. Watching this performance is free, so please enter the arena and take a seat to enjoy the original, wonderful and mysterious wedding show of Yao.

    As a China's historical and cultural village, Nangang Yao Minority Town show you a warm and rustic welcome with splendid Pai Yao culture. Here I hope that this journey will leave you a wonderful memory and I wish everything goes well. See you next time!